background and objectives: this study was designed as a retrospective study on urine samples during three years in shaheed mostafa khomeini hospital to determine demographic characteristics of patients with urinary tract infection (uti), microbial etiology, and susceptibility of isolated bacteria to antibiotics. materials and methods: all urines fulfilling the criteria for significant bacteriur...

The periodontal disease is a chronic, degenerative disease which is localised on the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The main etiological factor is oral biofilm with microorganisms. The search for the pathogens of periodontal diseases has been underway for more than 100 years, and continues up today. The currently recognized key Gram negative periodontopathogens inclu...

Oral infectious diseases, including dental caries, various forms of periodontitis and oral malodor, are not caused by a single pathogen.The etiology of these diseases is known to be associated with bacterial accumulation and plaque composition on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. Therefore, the quantitative, as well as qualitative, analysis of the microorganisms present in oral biof...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the etiology and microbial patterns of pulmonary infiltrates in liver transplant patients using a bronchoscopic diagnostic approach and the impact of diagnostic results on antimicrobial treatment decisions. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING A 1,000-bed tertiary-care university hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty consecutive liver transplant patients w...

Background: In general, pneumonia is defined as the presence of a recent pulmonary infiltrate and signs that was brought on by an infectious agent, such bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The fifth most common cause mortality globally bacterial pneumonia, causing nearly 2.56 million mortalities each every year across all age groups, with Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia havin...